Software Stack
Five layers. American Megatrends, VMware, ICANN, Let's Encrypt, GitHub. European candidates exist at most layers.
Twelve sovereignty stacks, grouped into infrastructure, capability, and domain. Each stack page applies the Define Sovereignty (Law 1) layer by layer, identifies the European candidates at each layer, and names what is in motion and what remains to be built.
Infrastructure stacks: Software. Hardware. Communications.
Capability stacks: AI. Platform / Open source. Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT).
Domain stacks: Payments. Identity. Healthcare. Information. Military and Intelligence. Space.
Five layers. American Megatrends, VMware, ICANN, Let's Encrypt, GitHub. European candidates exist at most layers.